The magic and Pure Alchemy of Iron

Posts tagged “Runes of England

Etsy back up.

https://www.etsy.com/shop/NorseWest

After forever the forge is back in action. Trying to find a trip to Denmark/Germany. no customs just what is on here is available for now. Not back to knives yet. Hammer arm is a bit rusty yet.

Skål.

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Glædelig Jul

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Happy Ƿinterfylleþ/Samhain

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Oðinn, Freyja, Þorr and Yngvi

Hail,

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Wow

Sometimes you should visit old bookstores. You Never know. full 1907 set royal edition 57 of 450.

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Anglo Saxon word of the day: Yþlad

Anglo Saxon word of the day:

ȳþlād (voyage, crossing) poetic sense.

From:

Proto-West Germanic: *unþi
Old English: ȳþ
Middle English: ythe, uthe, ithe
English: ithe
Old Saxon: ūthia
Old Dutch: *unthia, *untha
Middle Dutch: unde, onde
Dutch: onde (dialectal)
Old High German: undia
Middle High German: unde, ünde
German: Unde (obsolete, dialectal)
Yiddish: אינד‎ (ind)
Old Norse: unnr, uðr
Icelandic: unnur

And:

Old English: lād, ġelād
Middle English: lad, lode, loode
Scots: laid, lade
English: lode, load
Old Frisian: lāde, lēde
Old Saxon: lēda
Middle Low German: leide
→ Norwegian: leide
→ Old Swedish: leidh
Swedish: lejd
Old Dutch: *lēda, *leida
Middle Dutch: leide
Dutch: lei
Old High German: leida
Middle High German: leite, geleite
German: Leite, Geleite
Old Norse: leið
Icelandic: leið
Faroese: leið
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: lei, led
Norwegian Nynorsk: lei
Old Swedish: lēþ
Swedish: led
Danish: led
→ Proto-Finnic: *laita
Estonian: laid
Finnish: laita
→ Proto-Samic: *lājδ

Bonus:

Wrǣtt (Ornament, jewel)

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Anglo Saxon word of the day: acweorna

Anglo Saxon word of the day:

ācweorna (squirrel)

The first denotes “oak” the second element “weorna “ denotes squirrel.

Proto-West Germanic: *aikwernō
Old English: ācweorna
Middle English: acquerne
Old Frisian: *ēkworna, *ēkhorna
Saterland Frisian: *Eeker (in Kateeker ?)
West Frisian: iikhoarn, iikhoarntsje
Old Saxon: *ēkhorno
Middle Low German: êkhōrn, êkhōrne, eikhōrne, êkhorn, êkōrn, eikōrn, êkōrne, echhorne
⇒ Dutch Low Saxon: Eekhoorntje
German Low German: Ekkern
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Aik, Aikern
Sauerländisch: Ēksken, Aikerte
⇒ German Low German: Eekhoorntje
Old Dutch: *ēcorno
Middle Dutch: êencōren
Dutch: eekhoorn
Old High German: eihhorno, eihhurno
Middle High German: eichurne
Alemannic German: Eichhore
German: Eichhorn
⇒ German: Eichhörnchen
⇒ Hunsrik: Eichhernche
Old Norse: íkorni
Icelandic: íkorni
Faroese: íkorni
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: ekorn
Norwegian Nynorsk: ekorn, ikorn
Old Swedish: ēkorne, īkorne
Swedish: ekorre, (dialectal) ikorn
Old Danish: īkærnæ
Danish: egern
Westrobothnian: ickȯrn, ikårn, ikkårn
Elfdalian: aikuonn
Jamtish: íkuðn
Gutnish: eikånn
Scanian: igarne

Bonus:

maniġfeald (manifold, many fold, of many parts)

Old English: maniġfeald, mæniġfeald
Middle English: manifald, monifald, manyfold, manifold
English: manifold, manyfold
Old Frisian: manichfald
Old Saxon: managfald
Old Dutch: *manigfald
Middle Dutch: menichvout
Dutch: menigvoud, menigvoudig
Old High German: manicfalt, manicfaltīg
Middle High German: manecvalt, manecvaltec
German: mannigfaltig
Old Norse: margfaldr
Icelandic: margfaldur
Norwegian: mangfoldig
Old Swedish: mangfalder
Swedish: mångfald, mångfaldig
Danish: mangefold
Gutnish: manggfaldur
Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (managfalþs)

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Anglo Saxon word of the day: Geryne

Anglo Saxon Word Of the day:

ġerȳne (mystery) using the word “Run” (rune)
Proto Germanic “garūniją”.

Proto-West Germanic: *garūnī
Old English: ġerȳne
Middle English: irīne, *yrīne, ʒerīnu (pl.)
Old High German: *girūni
Middle High German: gerūne, geriune
German: Geraune
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌹 (garūni)

Bonus:

ċeahhettan ( to laugh loudly, cackle)

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Anglo Saxon word of the day: Preowthwil

Anglo Saxon word of the day:

prēowthwīl (to blink) (the time it takes to blink)

Bonus 1:

Hagosteald (an unmarried warrior of royal descent) (bachelor)( liegeman) (owner or one who lives on fenced land of their family) sometimes acts as a personal name. Alternate:Hægsteald.

Old English: hæġsteald, hagulstead, hagosteald
⇒ Old English: Hagustealdesēa
⇒ Old English: Hagustealdeshām
English: Hexham
Middle English: hassel, haselle
Old Saxon: hagalstad
Old High German: hagalstalt, hagastolt
Old Norse: haukstalda

Bonus 2:

wīġbǣre (warlike) (eager for battle)

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Book of the Month (July)

Lots of spiritual information but in a good format.

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Anglo Saxon word of the day: Scytta.

Anglo Saxon word of þe dæg:

Sċytta (archer, shooter, Sagittarius)

Bonus:

Sċēotan ( to shoot, fire, the act of shooting, quick movement, to rush, to dash)

Proto-West Germanic: *skeutan
Old English: sċēotan
Middle English: shoten
English: shoot, skeet
Scots: schute, schuit, schote, schoot, schete
Old Frisian: skiata
West Frisian: sjitte
Old Saxon: skiotan
Middle Low German: scheten
Low German: scheten
Old Dutch: skietan
Middle Dutch: schieten
Dutch: schieten
Limburgish: sjete
Old High German: sciozzan
Middle High German: schiezzen
Alemannic German: schieße
Central Franconian: schieße, scheeße
German: schießen
Luxembourgish: schéissen
Vilamovian: śisa
Old Norse: skjóta
Icelandic: skjóta
Faroese: skjóta
Old Swedish: skiūta
Swedish: skjuta
Norwegian Nynorsk: skyte, skyta, skjota (archaic)
Old Danish: skiūtæ
Danish: skyde
→ Norwegian Bokmål: skyte
Westrobothnian: skjuut
Elfdalian: stjuota
Jamtish: skjǿte
Old Gutnish: skiauta
Gutnish: skjaute, skiauta
Scanian: skjúda, skúda
Crimean Gothic: schieten


Anglo Saxon word of the day: Tirgan.

Anglo Saxon word of þe dæg:

Tirġan (ᛏᛁᚱᚷᚨᚾ) ( to provoke, pain, irritate)

Old English: tergan, tiergan, tyrgan, tirgan, tirian; tierwan
Middle English: terien, tarien, taryen; terȝen
Scots: tarrow
English: tarry
Old Frisian: *tergia
West Frisian: tergje
Old Saxon: *targian, *tergian
Middle Low German: tergen, targen
→ Danish: tærge
→ Norwegian: terge
→ Swedish: targa
Old Dutch: *tergen
Middle Dutch: tergen, terghen
Dutch: tergen
Old High German: *zergen
Middle High German: zergen
German: zergen

Bonus:

Torht ( to shine, brightness)

Old English: torht
Middle English: torhte, tohte
Old Saxon: torht, toroht
Old High German: zorht, zoraht, zorft

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Anglo Saxon word of the day: Uhta

Anglo Saxon word of þe dæg:

ūhta (pre dawn) (last part of night)

Old English: ūht (< *unhtwaz), ūhta (< *unhtwô)
Middle English: *uht (found in compound uhtsang, uhtsong); Middle English: uhhtenn, uȝten, ughten, oughten (< Old English ūhtan, oblique form)
Old Saxon: ūhta
Middle Low German: uchte
German Low German: Uchte, Ucht
→ German: Uchte (“midnight mass”) (regional)
Old Dutch: *ūhto
Middle Dutch: uchte, ochte (various forms are attested, including nuchte through rebracketing, uchten/ochten from the case forms, and rarely uchtent/ochtent from the previous by analogy with avont (“evening”))
Dutch: ochtend
Old High German: uohta (irregular); *ūhta
Middle High German: uohte, ūhte (both rare)
German: Ucht, Aucht (both only in placenames and compounds)
Old Norse: ótta
Icelandic: ótta
Norwegian Bokmål: otte
Westrobothnian: ótt’
Old Swedish: ōtta, ōta
Swedish: otte, otta
Danish: otte
Gothic: 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (ūhtwō)

Bonus:

Lagustrǣt (ocean) literally “Water-road”.

Old English: strǣt, strēt
Middle English: strete, streete, stret, strate, street, stræt
English: street
Scots: street, streit, stret
→ Breton: straed
→ Cornish: stret
→ Welsh: stryd
→ Old Irish: sráit (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Norse: stræti (see there for further descendants)
Old Frisian: strēte
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: struat
Mooring: stroote
Saterland Frisian: Sträite
West Frisian: strjitte
Old Saxon: strāta
Middle Low German: strâte
German Low German: Straat, Stroot
Old Dutch: strāta
Middle Dutch: strâte
Dutch: straat (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: sjtraot, straot
Old High German: strāza
Middle High German: strāze
Alemannic German:
Swabian: Schdrôs
Bavarian: Stråßn, Strossn
Apeltonerisch: Streoss
Mòcheno: stros
Upper Bavarian: Straß
Central Franconian: Stroß
Eifel: Strooß
Hunsrik: Stros
Luxembourgish: Strooss
German: Straße
Rhine Franconian: Schdrooß

And

West Germanic: *lagu
Old English: lagu, lago
Middle English: laȝe, lawe, laie, leye
English: lay
Old Saxon: lagu
Old Norse: lǫgr
Icelandic: lögur
Faroese: løgur
Norwegian Nynorsk: log
Norwegian Bokmål: låg
Old Swedish: lagher
Swedish: lag
Old Danish: low, lou
→ Scots: lyog
Gothic: *𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*lagus) (> 𐌻𐌰𐌰𐌶 (laaz))

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Book of the month (June)

Hilda Roderick Ellis Davidson is quickly becoming a favorite author of mine. Great detail and everything kept in context. I do love comparatives though I am biased.

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Rūnes of Þæs Dæġ (Beorc)

Rune of þē dæġ: (Beorc)Beorc: ᛒ᛬ Modern “B”. Birch Tree.

(Purity, Birth, Becoming, Reward)

A Rune of seeds sown, rewards earned through past effort and is often seen as a positive Rune in divination. The Birch is one of the first tree species to repopulate Northern Europe and Scandinavia after the last glacial maximum. It is not to be confused with the Poplar/Salicaceae (Aspen) as they are not actually a related species. Birch is in the family Betulaceae (Alder,Birch,Hazel,Hornbeam) and closely related to the Beech/Oak family. Aspen are of the Salicaceae family or Poplar (Aspen, Cotton Wood, Willow) The Anglo Saxon Rune poem confuses this distinction in the line:

“Beorc” byþ bleda leas, bereþ efne sƿa ðeahtanas butan tudder, biþ on telgum ƿlitig,heah on helme hrysted fægere,geloden leafum, lyfte getenge.

The “poplar” bears no fruit; yet without seed it brings forth suckers, for it is generated from its leaves. Splendid are its branches and gloriously adorned its lofty crown which reaches to the skies.

Note that the line clearly shows in OE “Beorc” but is translated as Poplar when the word for a Poplar is Æspen in OE. I am not sure why the translation is presented in this way. The fact two words exist in OE describing two different trees leads me to believe the confusion is not from the ancient source.

Beorc

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Anglo-Saxon Word of þe dæg: Cunnende

Anglo-Saxon Word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

Cunnende (present participle of Cunnan) ( cunning,clever,crafty,cute) from Proto Germanic “kunnana”. ᚳᚢᚾᚾᛖᚾᛞᚪ᛫

Compare:

West Germanic: *kunnan

Old English: cunnan

Middle English: cunnen, connen, can

Scots: can, cun, cunning

English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny

Old Frisian: kunna

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: kön

Hallig: kune

Helgoland: kan

Mooring: koone

Sylt: ken

Saterland Frisian: konne

West Frisian: kinne

Old Saxon: kunnan

Middle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen

Low German: könen

Plautdietsch: kjanen

Old Dutch: cunnan

Middle Dutch: connen

Dutch: kunnen

Limburgish: kónne

West Flemish: keunn

Old High German: kunnan

Middle High German: kunnen, künnen

Alemannic German: chöne, chönne

Swabian: kenna

Sathmar Swabian: kenne

Central Franconian: kenne, könne, künne

East Central German:

Erzgebirgisch: kènn

Upper Saxon: gönn

German: können

Luxembourgish: kënnen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: kenne

Vilamovian: kenna

Old Norse: kunna

Icelandic: kunna

Faroese: kunna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kunne

Norwegian Nynorsk: kunne, kunna

Old Swedish: kunna

Swedish: kunna

Old Danish: kunnæ

Danish: kunne

Elfdalian: kunna

Gutnish: kunne

Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)

————————-

Bonus:

Prættig (pretty, cute, cunning) from Proto Germanic “Prattugaz”. ᛈᚱᚫᛏᚷ᛫

Compare:

Old English: prættiġ, prætiġ, pætiġ, petiġ

Middle English: prati, prety

Scots: pratty, ill-pretty, prety

English: pretty, pratty

Old Frisian: *pratig, *pretig

Saterland Frisian: prettig

Old Saxon: *prattig

Middle Low German: prattich

Low German: pratzig

Old Dutch: *prattig

Middle Dutch: *prattig, *prettig

Dutch: prettig

Old Norse: prettugr

Icelandic: prettugur

——————-

 

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Anglo Saxon word of þe dæg: (Willan)

Anglo Saxon word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

Willan (infinitive) (to will, want, desire, intend) Wille “1st person singular indicative” (will) From Proto Germanic “wiljana”. ᚹᛁᛚᛚᚪᚾ᛫ᚹᛁᛚᛚᛖ᛫ The concept of will within Germanic spirituality is reduced to the God Woden who best represents the transformational power of the will and inherent strength and advantage to one with a strong will. By his will he withstood torture , starvation and death to reach down in madness and grasp the Runes from the yawning void. ᛁᚳᚻ ᚹᛖᛞᛖ᛫

Example:

Iċ wolde þæt dōn!

I meant to do that!

———

Ne breġd þū nǣfre þīn sweord būtan þū his notian “wille”.

Never draw your sword unless you “intend” to use it.

—————-

Compare:

West Germanic: *willjan

Old English: willan, wyllan

Middle English: willen, wil, wille, wilen, welin, wole, wolle

English: will

Scots: will, wil

Old Frisian: willa, wella

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: wel

Mooring: wale

Saterland Frisian: wolle

West Frisian: wolle

Old Saxon: willian

Middle Low German: willen, wellen

Low German: wüllen

Old Dutch: willen

Middle Dutch: willen

Dutch: willen

Limburgish: wille

Old High German: wellen, wollen (conflated with *waljaną)

Middle High German: wellen, wollen

Alemannic German: welle, wella, wölla

Swabian: wella

Bavarian: woian

Apetlonerisch: walln

Cimbrian: bölln, béllan

Central Franconian: welle

German: wollen

German: werde

Luxembourgish: wëllen

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: wolle

Old Norse: vilja

Icelandic: vilja

Faroese: vilja

Norwegian: ville, vilje

Old Swedish: vilia

Swedish: vilja

Old Danish: willæ

Danish: ville

Westrobothnian: vili

Elfdalian: wila

Jamtish: vili

Gutnish: ville, vila

Scanian: villa

Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan)

——————-

Bonus:

Stǣlwierþe (stalworth, stalwart) our modern spelling is directly from a Scots influence on Middle English (stalwart). Scots is a Northern dialect of English spoken in Scotland. A Compound of words meaning a person of good standing, hardy, robust, strong, steadfast.

stǣlƿierþe (Wynn spelling)

—————————-

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Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg: (Mæþle)

Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

Mæþle (speak, speech, conversation, judicial meeting, assembly) directly cognate to modern Norwegian “Mål”. ᛗᚫᚦᛚᛖ᛫

Compare:

West Germanic: *maþl

Old English: mæþel

Old Frisian: mēl (in derivatives)

Old Saxon: mahal

Middle Low German: mal

Frankish:

Late Latin: mallum

Old High German: mahal, māl

Middle High German: mahel, māl

German: Mahl

Old Norse: mál

Icelandic: mál

Faroese: mál

Norwegian: mål

Old Swedish: māl

Swedish: mål

Danish: mål

Old English: māl

Middle English: male

Scots: mail

English: mail

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl)

—————-

Bonus:

Ealā (oh, hey, alas, hello, hail (Frisian)) believed be a compound of “He” and “Lo” that evolved into the word “hello”. Others debate that it is more an interjection “hey!” The word is used in Frisian as “hail” and “hello”. ᛖᚪᛚᚪ᛫

Alternate form: hēlā.

——————

Frederich Preller The Elder: Blick von der Wartburg bei Sonnenuntergang. (Public Domain/Wikipedia)

101720744_2640566289564548_5652144719216508928_o

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Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg:(Eorþcræft)

Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ.

Eorþcræft (geometry) literally earth skill or earth craft. From the compound of Eorþe “Earth” and Cræft “Craft/skill”. Please see previous entries for etymology. ᛖᚩᚱᚦᚳᚱᚫᚠᛏ᛫

———————

Bonus:

Ellen (bravery, courage) from Proto Germanic “aljaną”. ᛖᛚᛚᛖᚾ᛫

Also:Ellendæd (brave deed).

Also: Elnian (to strive, emulate, zeal)

Compare:

West Germanic: *alljan

Old English: ellen

Middle English: ellen

English: ellen, elne

Old Saxon: ellian

Old High German: ellan

Middle High German: ellen

Old Norse: eljan

Icelandic: elja

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan)

——————

Knud Bergslien: Skiing Birchlegs Crossing the Mountain with the Royal Child. (Public Domain/Wikipedia)

101798022_2639692909651886_2368480490136010752_n

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Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg: (Scære)

Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

Scære (clear, bright) also Old Norse “skær” from Proto Germanic “skairiz” (clear,shinning, pure, sheer) ᛋᚳᚫᚱᛖ᛫

Compare:

Old English: *sċǣre

Middle English: schere, scheere, shere

Scots: scheer

English: sheer

Old Norse: skærr

Icelandic: skær

Norwegian: skjær

Old Swedish: skǣr, skiǣr

Swedish: skär

Danish: skær

Westrobothnian: stjer

Middle English: skere

And

PG:skīriz

Old English: sċīr

Middle English: schyre, schire

English: shire (dialectal); sheer

Scots: schyre; sheer

Old Frisian: skīre

North Frisian: sker, skier

Saterland Frisian: skier

West Frisian: skier

Old Saxon: skīr, skīri

Middle Low German: schîr, schîre

Low German: schier

Old Dutch: scieri

Middle Dutch: scier, schier, schīr

Dutch: schier

Old High German: *skīr, *skīri

Middle High German: schīr

German: schier

Old Norse: skírr

Icelandic: skír, skýr

Norwegian: skir

Old Swedish: skīr

Swedish: skir

Danish: skjær, skær

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐍃 (skeirs)

……………..

Bonus:

Sōna (soon, immediately) from Proto Germanic “sēna”. ᛋᚩᚾᚪ᛫

Compare:

West Germanic: *sān(ō)

Old English: sōna

Middle English: sone

Scots: sone, sune, schone, schune, seun, suin

English: soon

Old Frisian: sān, sōn

North Frisian: san

Old Saxon: sān, sāna, sāno, sāne

Middle Low German: sān

Old Dutch: *sān

Middle Dutch: sâen

Dutch: zaan

Limburgish: zaon

Old High German: sān

Middle High German: sān, son

———————

Painting by Hans Dahl (Norway). (Public Domain/Wikipedia)

100796220_2638873189733858_2395539634504335360_o

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Anglo-Saxon Word of þe dæg: (þyrs)

Anglo-Saxon Word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

þyrs (giant, monster) alternatively “Eoten”. Related to Þurizaz (Rune). ᚦᛄᚱᛋ᛫

Compare:

West Germanic: *þuris

Old English: þyrs, ðyrs

Middle English: þurs, thurse, thursse, thyrce, thurs, thirs

English: thurse

Old Saxon: thuris

Old High German: duris, turs

Middle High German: turse, türse, torse

German: Turse

Old Norse: þurs, þuss

Old Danish: tusse, tosse

Danish: tosse

Faroese: tussur

Icelandic: þurs

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: tuss, tusse

Norwegian Nynorsk: tuss, tusse

Swedish: tuss, tusse (dialectal)

Scottish Gaelic: tursa

Finnish: Tursas, turso

——————-

Bonus:

Guþ (gun, battle,strike, crossbow, kill) interestingly modern equivalent word entered into English via Middle English “gunne” via Old Norse “gunnr” describing a firing weapon like a trebuchet, crossbow or catapult. The prefix “Guþ” “Gunþ” “Gun” are prominent in Germanic naming and typically are translated at “battle”. ᚷᚢᚦ᛫ The nickname for a crossbow was “Lady Gunilda “ (a Norse influenced term) which shortened to the Middle English word. Proto Germanic “gunþiz”.

Compare:

West Germanic: *gunþi

Old English: gūþ (poetic)

Middle English: gūth

Old Saxon: *gūthia (in compounds)

Old High German: *gundia, *gunda (in compounds)

Old Norse: gúðr, gunnr, Gunnhildr

Icelandic: gunnur, Gunnhildur

Faroese: Gunnhild

Danish: Gunhild

Norwegian: Gunnhild, Gunn

Swedish: Gunhild

Middle English: Gunhilda > gunne

English: gun

Manx: gunn

Volapük: gün


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Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg: (Talu)

Anglo-Saxon word of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

Talu( tale, reckoning, recounting, story, fable) from Proto Germanic “talō”.

Compare:

West Germanic: *talu

Old English: talu

Middle English: tale

Scots: tale

English: tale

Old Frisian: tale, tele

Saterland Frisian: Taal

West Frisian: taal

Old Saxon: tala

Middle Low German: tāle, tal

German Low German: Tahl, Tall

Old Dutch: *tala

Middle Dutch: tāle

Dutch: taal

Old High German: zala

Middle High German: zale

German: Zahl

Luxembourgish: Zuel

Vilamovian: caoł

Old Norse: tala

Icelandic: tala

Faroese: tala

Norwegian: tale

Old Swedish: tala

Swedish: tala

Danish: tale

———

Bonus:

Þrysce-þræsce (thrush, song bird) From Proto Germanic “þrastuz”. ᚦᚱᛄᛋᚳᛖ.

Also: þrostle.

Compare:

Old English: þrysċe, þræsċe

Middle English: thrusche, thryshe

English: thrush

Old English: *þrysċele

Middle English: thruschel, ⇒ Middle English: thruschylcok

Old English: þrostle, þrosle

Middle English: throstel, thrustel, þrestel, Middle English: þrestelcok, thrustelcok, throstylkock, throstylcoke, thyrstyllecok

English: throstle

Old High German: throsca, throskala, throskela, drosca

Middle High German: droschel, troschel, trostel

Danish: drossel

German: Drossel

Bavarian: Drostle

Alemannic German: Dröschel

Luxembourgish: Dréischel

Old Norse: þrǫstr

Icelandic: þröstur

Faroese: trøstur

Norwegian: trost, trast

Swedish: trast

Danish: trost

—————

Thrush (Wikipedia)

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Anglo Saxon word of þē dæġ: (ġeþeode)

Anglo Saxon word of þē dæġ: (ġeþeode)

ġeþeode (Tribe,People, Nation) from a combination of the Anglo Saxon intensifier “ġe” and Proto Germanic “þeodo” and directly related to the word “Teuton” Teutonic”. Old Irish “Tuath” and Proto Celtic “Touta” share similar Indo European etymology. ᚷᛖᚦᛖᛟᛞᛖ.

Compare:

West Germanic: *þeudu

Old English: þēod, þīod, þīed, þīd

Middle English: theode, thede

English: thede, theod (archaic)

Scots: thede, theid

Old Frisian: thiād

Old Saxon: thīod, thioda

Middle Low German: dêt, deit

Old Dutch: thiat

Middle Dutch: diet

Dutch: diet

Old High German: diota, diot

Middle High German: diet

German: Diet

Old Norse: þjóð, þióð

Icelandic: þjóð

Faroese: tjóð

Norwegian Nynorsk: tjod

Swedish: tjod (obsolete)

Gutnish: tjaud

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda)

——————————

Bonus:

Ealdriht (Tradition, Elder right) compound of Eald (old,ancient) and Riht (Right, ritual, tradition) ᛖᚨᛚᛞᚱᛁᚺᛏ᛬

Also: Ealdgesegen.

Compare:

West Germanic: *ald

Old English: eald, ald, eold, æld, eld

Middle English: ald, eald, eld, old

English: old

Scots: auld

Old Frisian: ald

North Frisian: ual, uul, ool

Saterland Frisian: oold

West Frisian: âld

Old Saxon: ald

Middle Low German: ôlt, old

German Low German: old, oold, ol, olt

 German: oll

Plautdietsch: oolt

Old Dutch: alt

Middle Dutch: out

Dutch: oud

Limburgish: aad

Old High German: alt, ald

Middle High German: alt

Alemannic German: altu, oalt, oalt, olt, àltà (Italian Walser)

Bavarian:

Apeltonerisch: old

Cimbrian: alt

Northern Bavarian: [ɔːld̥]

Central Franconian: alt

Hunsrik: alt

Luxembourgish: al

German: alt

Rhine Franconian: alt, all

Pennsylvania German: alt

Vilamovian: aołd

Yiddish: אַלט‎ (alt)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (alþeis)

Crimean Gothic: alt

and

Old English: riht

West Germanic: *reht

Old Norse: réttr

Icelandic: réttur

Faroese: rættur

Norwegian: rett

Old Swedish: rǣtter

Swedish: rätt, rät

Old Danish: rǣt

Danish: ret

Westrobothnian: rett

Elfdalian: rett

Gutnish: rettar

Scanian: rǽtter

Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃 (raihts)

————————-

By The Fjord by Hans Dahl (Norway) (Public Domain/Wikipedia)

100836356_2635769113377599_6960864934125109248_o

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Anglo-Saxon wird of þe dæg: (Nihtgenġa)

Anglo-Saxon wird of þe dæg:

ᚪᚾᚷᛚᚩ ᛋᚪᛉᚩᚾ ᚹᚩᚱᛞ ᚩᚠ ᚦᛖ ᛞᚫᚷ᛫

Nihtgenġa (night walker, Goblin, Nocturnal entity) ᚾᛁᚻᛏᚷᛖᚾᚷᚪ᛫ Compound of “Niht” and “Genga” night-walker.

Also: Pūca (goblin) from Proto Germanic “pūkô”. ᛈᚢᚳᚪ᛫

Compare:

Old English: pūca, pūcel

Middle English: puke; *pukel

English: puck, puckle

 Jersey Norman: pouque, pouquelée

 Irish: púca

 English: pooka

 Welsh: pwca

Cornish: Bucca

Old Frisian: *pūka

Saterland Frisian: Puk

Old Norse: púki

Icelandic: púki

Faroese: púki

Norwegian: pokker

Old Swedish: pūke

Swedish: puke

Danish: pokker

—————

Bonus:

Ælf (Elf) from Proto Germanic “Albiz”. Originally a term describing any of a number supernatural entities. In modern use it describes either small humanoid creatures or tall beings from Norse Mythology. Elves are a prominent group in The Lord of the Rings books along with Dwarves were borrowed directly from Norse Mythology ᚫᛚᚠ᛫

Also: ælf-sċīene (beautiful) (to shine like an elf)

Example:

Wið ælfe gnid myrran on win. ― [To protect] against an elf, rub myrrh in wine.

Compare:

West Germanic: *albi

Old English: ælf

Middle English: elf, elfe, helfe

English: elf

Dutch: elf

German: Elf, Elfe

Japanese: エルフ

Korean: 엘프 (elpeu)

Scots: elf

Old Frisian: *alf, *elf

West Frisian: alve

Old Saxon: alf

Middle Low German: alf

Old Dutch: *alf

Middle Dutch: alf

Dutch: alf

Old High German: alb, alp

German: Alb, Alp

Old Norse: alfr

Icelandic: álfur

Faroese: álvur

Norwegian: alv, elv

Old Swedish: ælf, ælva

Swedish: älva; alf, alv

Danish: alf, elv

English: auf, oaf

———-

Ängsälvor (Swedish “Meadow Elves”) by Nils Blommér (1850) (Public Domain/Wikipedia)

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